The segment shows how the sinew (light gray) has been applied unevenly all around  to produce the circular grip. The elmwood build-out at the grip (brown) has contracted through excessive drying and split from the bamboo core. This is probably what caused the  bow to break at the grip. The outside of the grip was wrapped in soft leather which has almost all disappeared. The horn (black) at the grip is an additional insert  cut from the outer end of the horn.

The elmwood build-out at the grip (brown) has slipped inward into a void left by shrinkage due to excessive drying. The bamboo core has a vertical crack. The glue between the horn (black) and the bamboo core has served to fill a void between the two materials. There is no sign of any grooves having been cut into the horn/bamboo to increase grip and surface area. Two layers of sinew application (beige) are evident. The birchbark layer is visible at the upper surface.

Again glue is visible forming a filler between the horn (black) and the bamboo core. But notice also that glue has filled in the crack in the bamboo core showing that the crack must have been present when the bow was made. Three layers of sinew application are visible at this point: but the innermost layer appears to be a very thin layer along the centreline of the bamboo core.

The split in the bamboo core is pronounced at this point, and no glue has filled it. Glue is no longer filling a void between the bamboo core and the horn. Still no signs of striation on the horn inner surface. At the junction between the bamboo and the horn on the outer surface a 2-3 mm sliver of bamboo has been applied along the length of the limb. Three layers of sinew application are visible, of which the middle on is relatively thin.

Once again there is evidence of glue in the crack in the bamboo core and glue has also filled a void between the core and the horn. Two layers of sinew application are visible.

This is the narrowest section of the limb. A second crack in the core is now visible, together with some separation of the core from the horn. The left-hand split in the bamboo has caused the sinew to rupture up to the surface adjacent to it. The narrow bamboo sliver at the junction of the core and the horn can be seen on the left. Two layers of sinew application are visible.

Considerable filling of a void between the bamboo core and the horn are visible. The crack in the core has widened and the inner layer of sinew application has also split away from the second layer. The outer two layers of sinew have ruptured up to the surface and the outer layer of birch bark has split at this point.

The bamboo split has caused a rupture through three layers of sinew application and up through the birch bark outer layer to the surface.

The elmwood end of the knee V-splice is in the centre (dark brown). On the left, the bamboo is firmly glued to it, but some sinew and glue have entered the split, showing that this serious flaw was present at the time of construction. At the upper-right, four layers of sinew application are visible. 

The knee V-splice protrudes above the outer surface of the bamboo core at the top and the first application of sinew served to smooth the contour of the back of the limb. Two layers of sinew application are visible. The bamboo slivers are clearly visible at the outer junctions of the core and the horn. The sinew application at the upper right left a concave surface from which the birch bark layer has become detatched.

No more horn is visible at this segment. Instead you can see the two white glue lines of the 'little fork', where the siyah is spliced into the knee. The base of the triangle is the point at which the string bridge was glued. Two layers of sinew application are visible.

The section marks the transition from the base of the siyah to the rectangular upper section, which has a clear shoulder profile at the front of the bow. The knee section is no longer present. Two layers of sinew application are visible.

This is the base of the siyah. No more sinew or horn is visible: only a decorative layer of birch bark on the top and upper side surfaces. The surface of the siyah has been reddened and a layer of Chinese Shenhsi lacquer has been applied.